Later in his career, especially after the second world war, he broke with his attachment to clean lines and pristine shapes, exploring rough concrete and stonework and freeform curving forms, especially with his hilltop church of Notre-Dame du Haut in Ronchamp in eastern France. Le Corbusier put his theories into practice with a series of private houses in and around Paris, including the Villa Savoye, completed in 1931, a white horizontal rectangle resting on pilotis. It proposes new ways of building cities, with 60-storey towers set among vast gardens and sports fields, served by multi-lane highways, also multi-storey blocks of “villa-apartments” where each home has its own garden. Vers Une Architecture rings with resonant statements, most famously that “a house is a machine for living in”. It sets out design principles named “the five points of architecture”, for example that buildings should be raised on slender pillars called “pilotis”, so that the ground could flow uninterrupted beneath them. Using arresting combinations of photographs, measured drawings and rough sketches, the book shows images of cars and aeroplanes alongside the Parthenon and the cathedral of Notre Dame. Published as a book in 1923, based partly on previous articles, Vers Une Architecture is now 100 years old.
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